Employment-based training (EBT) is training for paid employees within a work setting, related to their role, and provided or supported by employers. This report explores alternative approaches to employment-based training—cadetships and internships, higher apprenticeships, and on-the-job structured training such as mentoring—and their implications for VET content and delivery. It draws on international and Australian literature, supplemented by interviews with employers in the social assistance, construction and information technology industries. These approaches are not necessarily new, but the novelty in these forms of EBT comes in their fit-for-purpose designs.