Government-imposed internet shutdowns are on the rise globally, with devastating impacts on affected communities. This document highlights some of the countries that are regularly implementing internet blackouts.

This paper proposed a two-level model based on fuzzy logic technique for evaluating Causes of Wastes (CWs) and lean implementation in construction projects. Results demonstrated that the expected lean effect is found with a positive correlation with various levels of wastes and can be improved...

Since 2017, Qatar has been subject to a boycott by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt (the Arab Quartet), creating a deep rift in a region already beset by civil wars and insurgencies. This paper examines the causes and dynamics of this dispute in...

This report looks systematically at the impact on development financing of countries’ transition from low- to middle-income status. It includes eight case studies: Egypt, Ghana, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.

Following the push for reform during the popular uprising in 2011, authoritarianism is once again dominating domestic politics and power relations in the MENA region. Drawing on data collected during field trips to Cairo, Tehran, Beirut and Kuwait city, the authors of this MENARA report...

Because of their good relations with both the US and Israel, certain Arab states are well placed to play an important role in Israeli–Palestinian peacemaking. This briefing explores four scenarios concerning their role in the process and the likely outcomes.

Amnesty International has examined the Egyptian authorities’ use of solitary confinement as a tool to inflict additional punishment against prisoners with a political profile. It has found that solitary confinement for such prisoners invariably amounts to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, and sometimes...

This briefing explores the evolving relationship between media and politics in the period following the Arab uprisings of 2011. Overview: Over the past several years, the Arab world has been characterised by an increasingly polarised political discourse. ‘After the Arab uprisings: the prospects for a...

During January and February of 2011 the political activity that took place in Egypt was celebrated and heralded as a positive move towards democracy and social justice. This optimism was heartfelt and as the Mubarak Regime collapsed we (Egyptian citizens) were convinced that Egypt was...

Summary: Nearly a year of tumult and violence has drained Egyptians of their optimism and battered the images of key players in the post-Mubarak era, according to a new survey by the Pew Research Center. As a controversial presidential election approaches, 72% of Egyptians are...

This research will discuss principles, methods, and implementation phases of lean construction showing the waste in construction and how it could be minimized.

The construction projects involve various risk factors which have various impacts on time objective that may lead to time-overrun. This study suggests and applies a new technique for minimizing risk factors effect on time using lean construction principles.

Executive summary From activists in Egypt to coffee farmers in Colombia, the Internet has transformed the lives of billions of people. It functions as a gateway to ideas, resources, and opportunities that never could have been realized before, let alone fathomed. All around the world...

This paper argues that there is a moderate to high risk that Egypt will develop both food and water crises in the next decade.

On 23 and 24 May, Egypt conducted its first round of presidential elections since Hosni Mubarak was deposed in February last year. A second round of voting will be held on 16 and 17 June to decide the outcome, since no candidate garnered enough votes...