A performance evaluation approach is developed to support long-term investment programs, where asset selection is based on the internal rate of return estimated with reference to long-term cash flows.

We address how investment management organizations might be built to successfully pursue long-term investing. A variety of recommendations and suggestions are put forward that address four building blocks: organizational; incentives; investment approach; and discretion over trading. A key message is the need to manage the principal-agency issues that occur across multi-layered operations, with the aim...

The literature on investment horizon is reviewed in order to enhance the understanding of potential influences on long-term investing by institutional investors. Investment horizon reflects an inter-connected web of influences related to an investor’s circumstances, the design of the investing environment, and the choices that are made by key decision makers. Twelve such influences are...