Encrypted communications are becoming ubiquitous, while the global encryption policy landscape is fracturing. Policymakers around the world must adapt their approaches to balance safety, security and privacy more deftly, as national choices have international impact.

The principal objective of this study is to identify the principles and values of encryption in New Zealand with a view to informing future developments of encryption-related laws and policies. The overarching question is: What are the fundamental principles and values that apply to encryption?