This ARL white paper reexamines the role of the decades-old Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU) Guidelines in interlibrary lending. The white paper includes the history and legal status of CONTU, along with a review of the applicable copyright law, including Section 108 of the Copyright Act (reproduction by libraries and archives) and Section 107 (fair use). It is our hope that libraries and library associations will use this white paper as a springboard for conversations about interlibrary lending, licensing practices, and journal subscriptions.