Early detection of bowel and breast cancer greatly increase survival rates. However, participation rates in Australia’s national bowel and breast cancer screening programs are low. In addition, Australia’s screening programs are population-based and mostly do not target patients considered to be at higher risk.

Instead, risk-stratified cancer screening should be implemented to better target patients who will benefit most. Risk-stratified screening increases early detection of cancer with greater precision and will reduce preventable deaths, maximise limited resources, and prevent further strain on the limited cancer care workforce. 

However, shifting to risk-stratified screening will need greater primary care involvement in early detection, and require capacity for increased patient consultations and support for patient concerns. Policy supports are needed to overcome existing barriers in primary care. These include a limited workforce, who must be equipped to deliver personalised risk assessments and address patient concerns.