Abstract: The paper examines changing commuter walking and cycling (active transport) trips in Sydney over 2001, 2006 and 2011 Census years. Although active transport has increased in absolute numbers and in overall mode share, increases are confined to certain geographic areas of Sydney. A detailed investigation of possible explanatory variables was undertaken using data from the 2011 census. Results identify that both commuter walking and cycling is positively correlated with employment accessibility. However, walking is more strongly associated with higher incomes and people aged in their twenties, while cycling is correlated with managerial and professional occupation, public service employment and distance to the CBD. The paper will discuss if further increases in active transport are likely, where they are to occur, and the drivers behind this. The paper will assist government decision makers in evaluating different land use and transport policy approaches used in Australian cities.