This report analyses the career paths and labour market outcomes of the early childhood education (ECE) workforce. Several data sources are used to complement and cross-check each other.

This working paper presents the array of different policy instruments available for managing freshwater quality and quantity. In doing so, the paper provides insights into how the various instruments have been used to incentivise behaviour change in the New Zealand context, and outlines the barriers and opportunities affecting their wider implementation at various scales across...

Climate models indicate that New Zealand’s farms will be increasingly exposed to adverse climate events in the future. In this study, the authors empirically investigate drought impacts on farm enterprises by linking financial, agricultural and productivity data from Statistics New Zealand’s Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) with historical weather data from NIWA.

In June 2020, the New Zealand Government passed the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading Reform) Amendment Act 2020 (ETR Act) to reform the architecture of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS). As a result of the ETR Act, from 1 January 2023, post-1989 forest land will be classified either as standard post-1989 forest...

The present paper addresses the question of how to estimate a social welfare function defined over inflation and unemployment that can help inform the policy decisions of central banks by providing a way to measure the well-being costs arising from macroeconomic fluctuations.