The fallout from disinformation and online manipulation strategies have alerted Western democracies to the novel, nuanced vulnerabilities of our information society. This paper outlines the implications of the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by the the legacy media, as well as by the new media, focusing on personalization.

Disinformation, as the latest iteration of propaganda suitable for a digitally interconnected world, shows no signs of abating. This paper provides a holistic overview of the current state of play and outlines how European Union and U.S cooperation can mitigate disinformation in the future.