In this briefing note, the authors conclude that the threat of state-sponsored economic cyber-espionage is more significant than ever, with countries industrialising their cyber-espionage efforts to target commercial firms and universities on a grand scale.

This analysis is informed by interviews with officials from across the Australian Government and in industry bodies with portfolios that are relevant to the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework's four pillars. While the authors note that the officials interviewed aren’t the ultimate decision-makers, and that there’s a new government in Canberra with its own emerging priorities, this...