The report provides insights into how proportions of bulk billing clinics and average out-of-pocket costs have changed across Australia's 150 Commonwealth electoral divisions over the past four years. It provides insights into general practice accessibility at the local electorate level since the 1 November 2025 Medicare changes came into effect.

The bulk-billing incentive – a bonus the federal government pays general practitioners (GPs) when they don’t charge patients a fee – has been supercharged twice in recent years. But 'GP deserts’ – the communities with the fewest GP services per person – are being left further behind. This policy brief proposes two policy reforms are...

This report provides an analysis of how the November 2025 Medicare changes have impacted general practitioner accessibility across metropolitan and regional Australia, providing region-based insights. It compares the capital city and non-capital city areas of each state to determine whether accessibility gaps remain and exactly where they are. The trends are mixed but encouraging.

This report aggregates information from general practitioner (GP) clinics to establish the percentage of available clinics that are fully bulk billing nationally, as well as the average out-of-pocket cost of a standard consultation at those that aren't. It assesses the impact the Bulk Billing Incentive changes have had on GP accessibility in Australia.

An expansion of the bulk billing incentive to cover non-concession patients is being introduced by the Australian Government from 1 November 2025. This report considers the impact of this expansion, analysing how many general practice (GP) clinics are likely to become fully bulk billing from 1 November 2025.