We have, in this brief history, a story of the varying articulation of the three business models which have, in varying degrees at different times and places, sustained public mass media: direct payment for content, payment for advertising and state subsidy.

Women are still significantly underrepresented and misrepresented in news media coverage, according to Global Media Monitoring Project research in 108 countries coordinated by the World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) despite significant change since the project began 15 years ago. 24% of people in the news are female, compared to 17% in 1995. 44% of...

The internet provides a means for non-professional media-makers to produce and publish their own video and audio content, as community television and radio have done for several decades. This paper draws on participant contributions at the symposium to explore the relationship between broadcast and online community media.

This US study finds that with technology allowing nearly 24-hour media access as children and teens go about their daily lives, the amount of time young people spend with entertainment media has risen dramatically, especially among minority youth. Today, 8-18 year-olds devote an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes (7:38) to using entertainment media...

The influence of traditional mass media institutions is being challenged by an unprecedented level of audience participation and co-creation in online media production, which has blurred the lines between consumer and producer, audience and public. There are signs suggesting that this convergence has permeated into traditional market areas such as the tourism industry and the...