Amnesty International has examined the Egyptian authorities’ use of solitary confinement as a tool to inflict additional punishment against prisoners with a political profile. It has found that solitary confinement for such prisoners invariably amounts to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, and sometimes to torture.

This briefing explores the evolving relationship between media and politics in the period following the Arab uprisings of 2011. Overview: Over the past several years, the Arab world has been characterised by an increasingly polarised political discourse. ‘After the Arab uprisings: the prospects for a media that serves the public’ argues that national broadcasters have...

During January and February of 2011 the political activity that took place in Egypt was celebrated and heralded as a positive move towards democracy and social justice. This optimism was heartfelt and as the Mubarak Regime collapsed we (Egyptian citizens) were convinced that Egypt was about to become a society based on social justice. Dignity...

Summary : Nearly a year of tumult and violence has drained Egyptians of their optimism and battered the images of key players in the post-Mubarak era, according to a new survey by the Pew Research Center. As a controversial presidential election approaches, 72% of Egyptians are dissatisfied with their country’s direction, and although most still...

The construction projects involve various risk factors which have various impacts on time objective that may lead to time-overrun. This study suggests and applies a new technique for minimizing risk factors effect on time using lean construction principles.