This review is part of a national series that highlights that there has been significant work undertaken in states and territories to strengthen adherence with the five elements of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle (ATSICPP), but that overall implementation remains poor and limited. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children continue to be separated from family and culture at alarming rates, and there are a lack of comprehensive approaches to involving children, families, and communities in decisions and services related to the care and protection of children.

Key Findings/Recommendations:

• There are several program and policy initiatives in New South Wales that are promising in their intent and progress towards the ATSICPP. However, these are overshadowed by concerns voiced by sector leaders, such as: inadequate funding; widespread, inconsistent implementation of policies and programs; and the urgent need to improve data collection and reporting.
• The continued investment in Aboriginal community-controlled organisations (ACCOs) to deliver early intervention and prevention services is promising, however the continued downward trend of investment in family support is alarming and at inadequate levels to support vulnerable Aboriginal children, families and communities.
• The gradual decline in placements of children with kin or Aboriginal carers is concerning, with sector leaders identifying clear and urgent opportunities for improving practice.
• Sector leaders reported observations that cultural components are not adequately or consistently addressed, despite policy and legislative requirements.