Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of Australia’s most common yet most overlooked chronic diseases. It is the nation’s fifth leading cause of death and disease burden, responsible for four per cent of all deaths – around 7,600 Australians each year. 

Despite best-practice guidelines and available treatments, many people with COPD experience repeated flare-ups, worsening symptoms and a declining quality of life. Preventable and treatable, COPD remains shockingly prevalent with its burden falling disproportionately on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and those in rural, regional and disadvantaged communities. 

Affecting over half a million Australians, COPD carries enormous personal, healthcare, and societal costs: $4.85 billion in lost productivity, $1.67 billion in annual healthcare costs and $24.98 billion in total economic burden (2024). Missed opportunities for early and optimal care drive much of this cost. 

People with moderate to severe disease represent 87% of total COPD-related costs, yet they also offer the greatest potential for impact. With the right interventions, outcomes can be transformed. COPD is both preventable and manageable. Current and emerging treatments can stabilise the disease, reduce flare-ups, and help Australians stay well, avoid hospitalisations, and remain engaged in work, family and community life. 

This report highlights how better management of COPD can reduce preventable hospitalisations, lower mortality and curb the growing economic and societal burden. It outlines five key recommendations that, if implemented, can chart a new course for COPD care – delivering measurable health improvements and renewed hope for the hundreds of thousands of Australians living with this debilitating condition.