This fact sheet summarises information from the AIHW's online musculoskeletal compendium.

Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease marked by inflammation of the joints, most often affecting the hand joints and both sides of the body at the same time. It can also affect the whole body, including the organs leading to problems with the heart, respiratory system, nerves and eyes. In a healthy joint, the tissue lining the joint (called the synovial membrane) is very thin and produces fluid that lubricates and nourishes the joint. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membrane, causing inflammation, pain, swelling and stiffness.

Based on self-reported data from the most recent Australian Bureau of Statistics National Health Survey (2011–12), about 445,000 Australians (2%) reported having rheumatoid arthritis. It is more common for women (2.4%) than men (1.5%) and affects older age groups. In 2011–12, it was most common for those aged 65 or over.