In 1978, California adopted building codes designed to reduce the energy used for heating, cooling, and water heating in buildings. Using a rich dataset of hourly electricity consumption for 158,112 California houses during 2012-13, this paper estimates that single-family homes built from 1980 through 1982...

This report reflects the University of Chicago’s commitment to and tolerance of multiple forms of free expression, an important value of the university and its community.