Exponentially growing AI model training costs create a market entry barrier for AI start-ups, forcing them to cooperate with big tech firms to get access to computing infrastructure and end users. This Policy Brief examines competition-reducing market-entry barriers in each segment in the AI value chain.

Just like Australia, Europe’s energy markets are in crisis. Wholesale prices for electricity and gas have risen dramatically since early 2021. The authors of this paper examine the causes of the current very high wholesale prices, high producer rents and price volatility. They also outline some principles and measures to guide measures to reduce prices...

Technological and social change alter the required skill composition of the workforce. For many newly emerging jobs, precise skill requirements are evolving and unclear. This paper reports on how data can enable useful foresight about skill requirements and training needs, even when that data has not been collected for this express purpose.

The pandemic has shown that many workers can efficiently work remotely, with benefits for wellbeing and even productivity. This paper argues that the European Union should develop a framework to facilitate hybrid work.

The objective of MICROPROD, an EU-wide research project that runs until the end of 2021, is to understand what is driving the current productivity slowdown and what the potential consequences are for Europe's economic model and its citizens’ welfare. This report summarises the main, policy-relevant conclusions of the 20 MICROPROD papers delivered so far.