This report provides detailed information and analyses on the Closing the Gap targets, including the key drivers of change underpinning these targets. This report provides context for policy debate and discussion for the Closing the Gap Refresh, a joint initiative of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG).

In 2016–17, 836 publicly-funded alcohol and other drug treatment services provided just over 200,000 treatment episodes to an estimated 127,000 clients.

This report provides the latest, local-level information on four indicators of child and maternal health, nationally and across Australia’s 31 Primary Health Network (PHN) areas. Information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers and babies is included where available.

This report is the second national report to present key data specific to cancer in adolescents and young adults. While cancer in young Australians is rare, it has a substantial social and economic impact on individuals, families and the community.

Dependence on opioid drugs (which include codeine, heroin and oxycodone) is associated with a range of health and social problems that affect individual drug users, their family and friends, and the wider public.