This annual report provides information on the state of the climate system by updating key observed climate indicators and presenting selected high-impact weather and climate events. For the first time, the report includes the Earth’s energy imbalance as a key climate indicator. It confirms that the past 11 years are the warmest on record.

This report warns that unprecedented ocean warming, sea level rise, and extreme weather are endangering lives, ecosystems, and economies across the South-West Pacific. It calls for urgent investment in adaptation, early warnings and climate-resilient development.

The report provides a synthesis of the global annual to decadal climate predictions. Global temperatures are expected to remain at or near record levels in the next five years, increasing climate risks on societies, economies and sustainable development. Every additional fraction of a degree of warming drives more harmful and extreme weather events and environmental...

The report provides a summary on the state of the climate indicators in 2024 including sections on extreme events and impacts. The report underlines the massive economic and social upheavals from extreme weather and the long-term impacts of record ocean heat and sea-level rise. 2024 is the warmest year in the 175-year observational record.

This publication provides a summary on the state of the climate indicators in 2023, with sections on key climate indicators, extreme events and impacts.