This study concludes that the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) accounts for a modest fraction of colonoscopy use in Australia, and suggests that promoting adherence to guideline-recommended immunochemical faecal occult blood tests (iFOBT) and colonoscopy use could ease pressure on services and improve outcomes.

This study reviewed and, where possible, updated the estimated health benefits, harms and cost-effectiveness of screening approaches from modelling studies for four cancer types, PSA testing and Lynch syndrome testing in Australia. Costs are presented in 2018 Australian dollars.