Smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity and harmful alcohol use are leading risk factors driving the UK’s high burden of preventable ill health and premature mortality. This report summarises recent trends for each of these risk factors and reviews national-level policies introduced or proposed by government in England between 2016 and 2021 to address them.

The NHS Long Term Plan remains the blueprint for the NHS’s evolution in the United Kingdom, but the pandemic has dealt a huge blow to both the NHS and social care. In this report, the authors provide a narrative of what was achieved before the pandemic, assemble the evidence of how the pandemic has affected...

NHS Test and Trace (NHSTT) is England’s COVID-19 contact tracing programme. This report outlines how the programme works and analyses the key stages in the development of testing and contact tracing in England. Following this, it highlights some of the ongoing challenges faced by NHSTT, before offering suggestions about how these challenges might be addressed.