A learning health system (LHS) is a way of describing a systematic approach to iterative, data-driven improvement. This report was informed by a literature review, interviews, a survey of more than 100 expert stakeholders, and a series of practical case studies, offering real-world examples of LHS approaches already being taken.

This report offers in-depth analysis into the challenges and potential presented by automation and AI in health care and highlights wider implications for the future, setting out considerations for policymakers and the NHS.

This report explores the challenges of implementing health care technologies and investigates patient and staff experiences of technology during the first phase of the coronavirus pandemic. It draws on learning from the Health Foundation’s programmes and YouGov surveys of over 4,000 UK adults and over 1,000 NHS staff conducted in October 2020.