This paper investigates three pathways by which Australia could export zero-carbon energy and products: direct exports of renewable electricity via sub-sea cables, exports of zero-carbon fuels (such as green hydrogen), and the export of 'green' metals processed from Australian ores using renewable energy.

In this working paper, the authors argue that establishing hydrogen supply chains on the basis of fossil fuels, as many national strategies foresee, may be incompatible with decarbonisation objectives and raise the risk of stranded assets.