Russia’s strength in energy resources has led to its re-emergence as a key influential state. The growth in Russian energy exports has widened its influence from its immediate sphere to much larger regional matters.

South Africa’s involvement in international affairs has increased greatly since the end of the apartheid era. While its policies tend to prioritise development within the African continent, it maintains a degree of involvement in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

This paper argues that unless it's foreign policy shifts unexpectedly, Turkey will continue to have a growing trade focus on India, Indonesia, South Africa and Australia.