Modern slavery is a serious, pervasive and largely hidden human rights and safety issue. This report was commissioned to understand opportunities to improve Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery. The report identifies ongoing gaps in Australia’s criminal justice response to modern slavery that are preventing some victims and survivors from accessing justice and remedy.

Over the past decade, cyber-scam centres dedicated to running online scams at a massive scale have proliferated across areas of South-East Asia. These centres themselves have become sites of significant exploitation. This research sought to understand women and girls’ experiences of trafficking into cyber-scam centres for forced criminality in the South East Asian region.

The Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery National Minimum Dataset is a national data collection on modern slavery events. This study describes modern slavery reports received between July 2024 and June 2025, the characteristics of victim-survivors and perpetrators, the nature of Australia Government-funded support provided to victim-survivors and the outcomes of modern slavery prosecutions.

The report combines standardised data across multiple agencies to reveal trends in the nature and extent of human trafficking and modern slavery, and identify characteristics of suspected victim‑survivors and perpetrators. The findings underscore the need for data collaboration policies to inform and evaluate future strategies and address the specific vulnerabilities of different groups to modern...

This report highlights significant modern slavery risks faced by temporary migrant workers in agriculture, horticulture and meat processing in rural and regional NSW. The modern slavery risks identified include debt bondage, deceptive recruiting, forced labour and, in extreme cases, servitude, sexual servitude and even human trafficking.