Espionage has become one of the most significant national security threats to Australia, impacting government, businesses and the university sector. The highly secretive nature of espionage makes it extremely difficult to measure. This study estimates, for the first time, the actual and prevented costs of espionage.

This report outlines Australia’s approach to research security. The threats that are confronting Australia are adapting, and so Australia’s approach will similarly need to adapt. The report argues that Australia’s research security posture must evolve, moving beyond the narrow lens of countering foreign interference and espionage to a broader, more integrated and risk-based framework.

This report examines the vulnerability of emerging economies across the Indo-Pacific and Latin America in the face of economic cyber espionage and the degree to which major emerging economies in these regions are prepared to respond. Countries in the study have been assessed and given a risk label indicating their vulnerability.

Despite playing a key economic role, intellectual property (IP) industries are not protected or secured to the same degree as government agencies or critical infrastructure. This report examines how various countries have used regulatory, legal, and policy interventions to protect IP-producing entities against cyber-espionage. It encourages policymakers to be more proactive in the defence of...

Australia is the target of sophisticated and persistent foreign interference activities. This report details the threats posed by foreign interference to our nation’s sovereignty, democracy and national interests. It identifies the sectors most at risk, outlines the government measures implemented to combat these threats and offers practical advice for individuals and organisations to protect themselves.