This paper inquires into our understanding of the compact European city that theorists see, compared with the actual form of some European cities as observed by the author.

The debate over the costs and benefits of urban consolidation has perhaps never been more important given the rise in the importance of sustainability principles as a basis of planning, the growth of megacities and development pressure on countrysides.

As cities seek to make their energy, water, biological and materials sub-systems more sustainable, the degree to which the intensification of urban development is supportive of these aims will become clearer.

This paper discusses past urban consolidation policies in Australia, and disputes claims made planning authorities.