Context - Minimum thermal performance standards for residential building envelopes have been increasing in many countries for several decades, addressing concerns about occupant comfort, operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Simulation tools play a role in assessing the space heating/cooling load of new buildings and for evaluating options for systematic retrofitting of exisiting dwellings. The...

Purpose / Context - The provision of reticulated sanitation infrastructure has not kept pace with the rapid urbanization, which can be witnessed in Indonesia. In addition, lack of proper sanitation infrastructure treaty led to pollution of groundwater. The most common system used for human ex-creta disposal system in Indonesia is septic tank, which is an...

In Australia, residential buildings accounted for about 20-30% of the total electricity consumption and 30-50% of the total peak demand. The residential sector is considered as one of the fastest growing GHG emission sources and considered as the ‘lowest hanging fruit’ for carbon mitigation. It also plays a key role for the management of peak...

Purpose / Context - Cool coating is a passive technique for reducing the solar heat gain and cooling energy consumption of buildings. However the radiation properties (i.e., solar reflectance and thermal emittance) of cool coating would be changed, usually adversely, during its ageing process, and its thermal performance would be degraded accordingly. UV could cause...

The study investigates relationships of winter indoor relative humidity and R-value of building envelope of the Auckland houses.