This review of literature about farmer health and agricultural medicine forms part of the research for the mid-term evaluation of the National Centre for Farmer Health. It has been guided by the overarching aim of the evaluation: to examine issues of need, effectiveness, and efficiency, and by current relevance to Australian farmers’ health, safety, and wellbeing. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, references in relevant journals, and online sources.