This paper presents a review of available literature on problem sexual behaviours (PSBs) and sexually abusive behaviours (SABs) exhibited in Australian children and young people. It provides an overview of those behaviours and the conceptual frameworks that inform legal and therapeutic interventions. The paper draws attention to the complexities regarding definitional categories and gaps in research regarding the prevalence and nature of PSBs and SABs, and the lack of evaluations of therapeutic treatment programs, in the Australian context.