This the second research report exploring the nature of Indigenous community governance in Australia - aiming to understand what works, what doesn’t work, and why. This report brings together findings from the fieldwork conducted during 2006, based on evidence drawn from case studies of Indigenous governance in action within differing community, geographical, cultural and political settings across the nation. It focuses on six major governance issues that have come to the fore in the 2006 research. The report identifies a number of practical program and governance development responses that, if adopted, should result in improved and more sustainable outcomes in Indigenous governance at the local level.