New data from the OECD's Programme for International Student Achievement (PISA) 2018 show that disadvantaged students in Australia are being denied equal opportunities to learn because they face far more shortages of teachers and material resources than advantaged students. The gaps in access to education resources between advantaged and disadvantaged schools, between rural and city schools and between public and private schools are huge. They are amongst the largest in the OECD and the world and are virtually unchanged since PISA 2015.