The paper argues that the Australian Left's transformation from one of Israel's strongest supporters to one of its most persistent critics reflects profound ideological changes within Western politics rather than changes in Israel itself. It examines the political, historical and intellectual forces that have reshaped attitudes towards Israel over recent decades and influenced public reactions following Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack on Israel.

The paper contends that support for Israel within the Australian Labor Party and the broader Left has steadily eroded as Israel has become a successful liberal democracy and Palestinians have increasingly been viewed through the lens of contemporary identity politics and anti-colonial theory.

It also examines changing demographics, the influence of universities and intellectual trends, Australia's relationship with international institutions, and debates surrounding antisemitism and social cohesion. The paper proposes that reducing antisemitism requires stronger political leadership, consistent enforcement of existing laws and open public debate instead of relying mainly on new speech restrictions.

Key findings

• The political Left abandoned Israel after replacing democratic nationalism with identity politics and anti-colonial ideology.
• Israel’s democratic and economic success was used to recast it as an oppressor in modern Left-wing politics.
• Ideological shifts and weak political leadership increased hostility towards Israel and tolerance of antisemitism.