This paper explores the importance of evidentiary references to song and ceremony in land claims and analyses judges' reports to show how references to song and ceremony have figured in them.

The first section of the paper looks at how song and ceremony sit within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander societies. It will then move on to quantify the number of references in judges reports for each state. Finally, there will be a detailed examination of how terms such as song and ceremony have been used in different ways as evidence for rights to country.