This report provides data to enable ongoing comparisons of the efficiency and effectiveness of Commonwealth and State government services, including intra-government services. In contrast to the Report on Government Services with its focus on the efficiency and effectiveness of specific services, the Indigenous Disadvantage Report focuses on outcomes for Indigenous people. It does not report on individual government services. The reporting framework has two tiers: ‘headline’ indicators for the longer term outcomes sought; and a second tier of ‘strategic change indicators’ that are potentially responsive to government policies and programs in the shorter term.