Primary nocturnal enuresis is intermittent nighttime wetting after the age of five years. It can either be primary - the child has never had dry nights, or secondary - the child starts wetting after a 6-12 month period of dry nights.

Rickets is characterised as a failure of mineralisation in the growing bone. It occurs as a result of decreased exposure to sunlight in conjunction with a low Vitamin D intake.

Immunisation is the best protection we have from a range of potentially fatal infectious diseases. Why then do health professionals fail to extend that protection to children? The article considers the points at which health professionals fail in their duties in regards to childhood immunisation.