Abstract: This paper examines the potential implications of peak oil and global warming for urban passenger transport in Sydney. After analysing patterns of transport fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions for Sydney, the paper examines potential mitigation strategies, including options for minimising travel demand, reducing oil and CO2 intensiveness, and shifting travel to more sustainable modes. It then proposes some plausible future scenarios for oil supplies and climate change, and examines their implications for urban transport in Sydney. The paper concludes that policy options for addressing these scenarios exist but will need to be accelerated to avoid the risk of major disruptions to our lifestyles and economy.