The New Economic Paradigm that Japan and Australia have created is the transposition onto nation-level relations of the interplay of numerous factors and drivers that are found at the microeconomic and inter-firm level, combined with industry-level factors and ultimately with geopolitical, strategic and institutional alignments and the whole suite being risk-adjusted according to the principles of financial analysis:

• relational economic contracts
• new complementarities across value chains
• risk-adjusted valuation of investment and trade
• application of transaction cost economics
• geopolitical and strategic alignment with Australia’s economic partners
• institutional alignment, including values and legal protections