This report explores reasons behind current public attitudes towards health and inequalities in health outcomes in the United Kingdom, drawing on polling and public attitudes research by the Health Foundation and others.

Smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity and harmful alcohol use are leading risk factors driving the UK’s high burden of preventable ill health and premature mortality. This report summarises recent trends for each of these risk factors and reviews national-level policies introduced or proposed by government in England between 2016 and 2021 to address them.

This report reviews attempts to tackle inequities in the supply of general practice services in England over the past 30 years. The report looks at policies on general practice funding, workforce, premises, contracts and commissioning.

England’s population is ageing. In the next 25 years, the number of people older than 85 will double to 2.6 million. Does the ageing population mean an inevitable rise in demand and the costs of care? As this report explores, the reality is more subtle and complex.

The NHS Long Term Plan remains the blueprint for the NHS’s evolution in the United Kingdom, but the pandemic has dealt a huge blow to both the NHS and social care. In this report, the authors provide a narrative of what was achieved before the pandemic, assemble the evidence of how the pandemic has affected...