The discipline of Facility Management (FM) emerged in the 1970s triggered by the concomitance of (1) increasing complexity in the workplace and (2) understanding of an interdependence between users' behaviors and building design. Despite the existence of FM, a number of buildings today still fail to deliver value during the occupation phase. Although various causes...

Visual Management (VM) is integral to the lean philosophy. For example, an Andon makes a light flash in the case of a deviation in the process of assembly or in the product assembled, a Kanban triggers the production of units in order to fill a customer's demand, shadow boards used in 5S help workers to...