Debt takes many forms in an established financial system. This paper focuses on two categories of debt based on who the debt is owed to - public debt (debt owed to the government) and private debt (debt owed to non-government lenders).

This report summarises a series of analyses conducted by the Social Wellbeing Agency to determine the effectiveness of several responses aiming to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This involved comparing data on COVID-19 policies to reported case rates in New Zealand and 49 similar countries.

This paper investigated groups of people that hold debt to the Ministry of Social Development, Ministry of Justice, and Inland Revenue, or to two or all of these agencies. It is aimed at filling gaps in understanding the nature and characteristics of debt and debtors.

Abstract Land is an important social and economic resource. Knowing the spatial distribution of land use and the expected location of future land-use change is important to inform decision makers. This paper documents and validates the baseline land-use maps and the algorithm for spatial land-use...