This report presents updated findings from the first and second research visit to adjacent communities Pipalyatjara and Kalka in South Australia's (SA's) Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara APY Lands. It describes changes in First Nations digital inclusion over two years, outlining the state and usage of communications and media services from 2024 to 2025.

The objective of this audit was to assess the effectiveness of NBN Co Limited’s strategies to manage its transition from building to operating the national broadband network.

Finding collaborative ways to fund improvements and encourage greater sharing of mobile phone infrastructure to provide better and more competitive access to digital services across regional and remote Australia is the focus of this report.

This report provides initial recommendations for consideration by the Federal Communications Minister, focused on practical measures to improve access, affordability and digital ability for First Nations people.

This research shows that firms that switch from DSL to fibre/cable-based broadband experience increased productivity growth. Growth is highest in the year immediately following adoption of high-speed broadband.