Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping the educational landscape. This outlook analyses research that suggests GenAI can support learning when guided by clear teaching principles. However, without pedagogical guidance, outsourcing tasks to GenAI enhances performance with no real learning gains. The outlook synthesises evidence and insights on the design criteria that make it work for education.

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems can improve public sector efficiency and service quality, but many government institutions are held back by skills gaps on AI. This brief explores how public administrations can build internal capability for AI. It draws on examples of workforce initiatives from various OECD countries, including training, strategies and mechanisms.

The relationship between budget offices and line ministries is evolving across OECD countries. Effective budgeting now depends on strong internal finance functions within line ministries, collaborative engagement across the budget cycle, and sustained investment in skills and systems. This paper discusses how this partnership can be strengthened to ensure budgeting supports fiscal sustainability.

This report explores how countries and economies can strengthen individuals’ agency as lifelong learners. Drawing on analysis of policies across 35 education systems, as well as international evidence and policy developments, the report explores how countries design and implement lifelong learning policies. It identifies four critical life moments when individuals are particularly open to learning.

OECD countries face rising public debt, ageing populations, and growing demands on health, social care and defence. Effective budgeting is critical to ensure sustainable public finances. This report highlights the importance of transparency, parliamentary oversight, and collaboration between finance ministries and line ministries – helping governments spend better for long-term impact.