The ways of knowing modern audiences, broadcast ratings, is now big billion dollar business, with Google in alliance with Nielsen, one of the world's leading media researchers, to literally auction audiences off to the highest bidder. Ironically, 'the black box' of survey and sampling methodology that delivers audiences remains a mystery to most, just as...

The shift from 20th century mass communications media towards convergent media and Web 2.0 has raised the possibility of a renaissance of the public sphere, based around citizen journalism and participatory media culture. This paper will evaluate such claims both conceptually and empirically. At a conceptual level, it is noted that the question of whether...

Achieving efficient spectrum management in the pursuit of the public interest is a key aspect of legal reforms introduced in spectrum liberalising countries. However, spectrum law is unclear about the precise nature of the efficiencies to achieve and choices between different efficiency objectives are often dictated by the nature of the services, bands and market...