As a result of climatic change, Indonesia is likely to experience increased temperatures and more volatile dry and wet periods. Increased climate volatility is likely to reduce its domestic food and water security with implications for the supply of water to urban populations, the longevity of groundwater resources and agricultural productivity.

Key points:

• Increased risks of floods and droughts are the main threats to Indonesia’s food and water security.
• Reducing deforestation would help to alleviate the severity of these threats.
• Loss of soil fertility due to floods, droughts and changes in weather cycles can cause crop failure and threaten food security.
• Warming waters and coral bleaching reduces fish populations and poses a threat to the livelihood of many Indonesians.