The continent of Africa, second only to Asia in both landmass and population, is diverse geographically, culturally, linguistically, and economically. Comprising
54 sovereign states, nine territories, and two de-facto independent states, Africa is home to over 1.2 billion people. This number is increasing sharply, however, with
African nations boasting some of the youngest and most rapidly growing populations in the world.

This report is structured as follows:
• Chapter 1: introductory information about the inquiry and an overview of Australia's existing trade and investment relationships with the countries of Africa;
• Chapter 2: Australian mining in Africa;
• Chapter 3: barriers to Australian trade and investment with the countries of Africa; and barriers to African trade and investment in Australia;
• Chapter 4: broadening commercial interests beyond the extractive industry as well as the promotion of commercial opportunities;
• Chapter 5: the government's role in increasing trade and investment with Africa;
• Chapter 6: Australia's aid relationship with Africa, including activities contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals; and
• Chapter 7: conclusion and recommendations.