Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a complex problem with a wide range of environmental, economic, and social impacts. IUU fishing can deplete fish stocks, damage marine ecosystems, and undermine sustainable fisheries management. It can also lead to lost economic opportunities for coastal communities and legitimate fishing businesses.

Addressing IUU fishing requires a comprehensive approach that involves governments, the fishing industry, and civil-society organisations. Some of the key elements of a comprehensive approach are:

• Strengthening fisheries management and enforcement globally;
• Constantly increasing transparency and accountability in the fishing sector; and
• Supporting sustainable fishing practices.

The aim of this report is to examine the mechanisms by which Australia can strengthen its import regime to prevent IUU products entering the domestic market. Australia, as a respected middle power, cannot radically alter the behaviour of international actors but it can lead by example with strong policies. Further, Australian consumers support ethical choices and better information, such that greater transparency and intelligent government policy can drive local demand for legally and sustainably sourced seafood.