An overview of various carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies assessing their application, maturity, and cost-effectiveness across different settings. Emphasising the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, this report argues policies should focus on driving down the costs of CCS through technological innovation and economies of scale. 

Key recommendations

• Implement strategies to reduce both capital and operating costs in carbon capture facilities, such as economies of scale, modularisation, lower-cost materials, and technology innovation.
• Prioritize low-pressure shipping for long distances and high-volume projects due to its cost-effectiveness.
• Optimise transport methods by implementing adequately sized infrastructure to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
• Consider the trade-offs between pressure levels, ship sizes, and transport distances when designing efficient CO2 shipping strategies.
• Focus on strategies to lower the cost of energy for CO2 compression and pumping.