This report summarises the latest information on health outcomes, health system performance and the broader determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, drawing from the Health Performance Framework (HPF) measures. 

Measures of health status, determinants of health and health system performance drawn from the HPF show mixed results. The HPF shows improvements in some aspects of First Nations people’s health and social determinants, while other aspects have either not improved or worsened. 

The HPF highlights that enhanced health services and continued improvement in, and access to, comprehensive, culturally appropriate and safe primary health care services are needed to support improvements in health outcomes and reduce the burden of disease, preventable hospitalisations and avoidable deaths among First Nations people.

For First Nations people, self-determination and empowerment, cultural identity, family and kinship, Country and caring for Country, knowledge and beliefs, language and participation in cultural activities and access to traditional lands are also key determinants of health and wellbeing.